Hydrogen fuel cells for automobiles: Challenges and opportunities in achieving zero-emission transportation
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Basavanabagewadi, Takkalaki-586216, Karnataka, India.
2 Department of Automobile Engineering, D A C G (Government) Polytechnic, Chikkamagaluru-577101, Karnataka, India.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 18(03), 1683-1689
Publication history:
Received on 02 June 2023; revised on 10 June 2023; accepted on 22 June 2023
Abstract:
Hydrogen fuel cell technology presents a promising solution for zero-emission transportation, offering high energy efficiency, rapid refueling, and a sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engines and battery electric vehicles. Unlike fossil fuel-powered vehicles, hydrogen fuel cells produce only water as a byproduct, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. Additionally, fuel cells offer longer driving ranges and shorter refueling times compared to battery electric vehicles, making them an attractive option for various transportation sectors, including passenger cars, commercial trucks, and public transit systems. Despite these advantages, several challenges hinder widespread adoption. Key barriers include the high production cost of fuel cell systems, the limited availability of hydrogen refueling infrastructure, and the complexities of hydrogen storage and distribution. Moreover, the environmental impact and energy requirements of hydrogen production methods, such as steam methane reforming and electrolysis, remain critical factors in determining the overall sustainability of hydrogen as an energy carrier. This paper explores the current state of hydrogen fuel cell technology for automobiles, analyzing recent advancements, technical challenges, and market dynamics. It also examines policy frameworks, investment trends, and emerging solutions aimed at improving the efficiency, affordability, and accessibility of hydrogen-powered transportation. Through this analysis, the study aims to provide insights into the feasibility of large-scale hydrogen adoption and the potential pathways to a cleaner, more sustainable transportation future.
Keywords:
Hydrogen Fuel Cells; Fuel Cell Vehicles (fcvs); Zero-Emission Transportation; Hydrogen Production; Green Hydrogen
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