Home
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews
International Journal with High Impact Factor for fast publication of Research and Review articles

Main navigation

  • Home
    • Journal Information
    • Editorial Board Members
    • Reviewer Panel
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Journal Policies
    • Our CrossMark Policy
    • Publication Ethics
    • Issue in Progress
    • Current Issue
    • Past Issues
    • Instructions for Authors
    • Article processing fee
    • Track Manuscript Status
    • Get Publication Certificate
    • Join Editorial Board
    • Join Reviewer Panel
  • Contact us
  • Downloads

eISSN: 2581-9615 || CODEN: WJARAI || Impact Factor 8.2 ||  CrossRef DOI

Research and review articles are invited for publication in March 2026 (Volume 29, Issue 3) Submit manuscript

HIV and Malaria co-infection and the impact of viral load and HAART usage on the development of Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin and Lumefantrine resistant genes in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Breadcrumb

  • Home
  • HIV and Malaria co-infection and the impact of viral load and HAART usage on the development of Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin and Lumefantrine resistant genes in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Peace Amaka Onwuzurike 1, *, Ifeoma Bessie Enweani 2 and Ifeoma Mercy Ekejindu 2

1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teac hing Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
 
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021, 12(03), 505-516
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0710
DOI url: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0710
 
Received on 14 November 2021; revised on 23 December 2021; accepted on 25 December 2021
 
Background: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria co-infection poses a serious health threat in sub-Saharan Africa and other endemic countries. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is currently used to suppress viral loads.
Methods: Blood samples collected from 400 participants comprising 200 HIV sero-positive and 200 sero-negative individuals was added to EDTA sample containers. Malaria parasitemia was evaluated using standard parasitological techniques followed by PCR techniques using the Quick Load One Taq One Step Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for characterization of species of Plasmodium and resistant studies using specific primers. HIV viral load estimation was done using COBAS® TaqMan® Analyzer.
Results: Malaria has prevalent rate of 22.75% in the study population, while the prevalence of malaria infection among the HIV sero-positive and sero-negative is 77.0% and 23% respectively. Socio-demographic factors had no significant association with the development of resistant genes. HAART exposed individuals had prevalence of PfK13 (6.9%) and Pfmdr-1 (20.8%). Viral load was significantly related with the development of resistant genes (100%) and (86.1%) for PfK13 and Pfmdr-1 respectively.
Conclusion: Unsuppressed viral load in HIV sero-positive individuals heightens the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and increases the chances of possible emergence and spread of PfK13 and Pfmdr-1 genes.
 
HIV; HAART; Plasmodium falciparum; Artemisinin; Lumefantrine
 
https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/fulltext_pdf/WJARR-2021-0710.pdf

Preview Article PDF

Peace Amaka Onwuzurike, Ifeoma Bessie Enweani and Ifeoma Mercy Ekejindu. HIV and Malaria co-infection and the impact of viral load and HAART usage on the development of Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin and Lumefantrine resistant genes in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021, 12(3), 505-516. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0710

Copyright © Author(s). All rights reserved. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated.

All statements, opinions, and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s). The journal, editors, reviewers, and publisher disclaim any responsibility or liability for the content, including accuracy, completeness, or any consequences arising from its use.

Get Certificates

Get Publication Certificate

Download LoA

Check Corssref DOI details

Issue details

Issue Cover Page

Editorial Board

Table of content

Copyright © 2026 World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews - All rights reserved

Developed & Designed by VS Infosolution