Glaucoma in self-reported relatives and non-relatives of Igbo glaucoma patients in Enugu, Nigeria
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021, 09(03), 218-225
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.3.0070
Publication history:
Received on 22 January 2021; revised on 21 February 2021; accepted on 24 February 2021
Abstract:
Purpose: To compare proportion of glaucoma and the associated factors among self-reported relatives and non-relatives of predominantly Igbo glaucoma patients
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey of participants attending a free eye screening dedicated to relatives of glaucoma relatives in Enugu, Nigeria was carried out in July 2017. Non-relatives of glaucoma patients were expected to present for the free screening hence they were allowed to participate to prevent false claims. All participants were interviewed and underwent ophthalmic examinations. Glaucoma diagnosis was based on the ISGEO classification criteria adapted for Nigeria. Participants were subsequently grouped as glaucoma relatives and general population.
Results: Forty-two and 56 participants were included in the relatives and general population groups respectively. The proportion of glaucoma in the relatives and general population groups was 43% and 20% respectively. The odds of having glaucoma was three times higher in relatives of patients than in general population (OR= 3.07, 95% CI; 1.25 – 7.5 p=0.013). About 52% of first-degree relatives were diagnosed with glaucoma. In the relatives’ group, 100% of siblings, 40% of children and 0% of parents had glaucoma. Proportion increased with age. Relatives were significantly younger than their probands at diagnosis (16years, p= 0.000). Only 5.6% of the relatives’ group were previously aware of diagnosis. Intraocular pressure and central cornea thickness were similar in both relatives and general population groups.
Conclusions: In this screened Igbo population, over one-third of the relatives’ group and about one fifth of general population had glaucoma. Relatives were diagnosed at an earlier age. These findings will aid the advocacy for routine glaucoma family screening services.
Keywords:
Glaucoma; Family history; Igbo; Enugu; Nigeria
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