Geographical distribution, distribution factors and conservation issues for the black-haired Sahelian sheep of Chad

The Black-Haired Sahelian Sheep (MSPN) is a hardy breed that plays a central role in livestock farming systems, both in terms of food security and income for rural households in arid and semi-arid areas. This study was conducted between July and November 2023 in 22 provinces of the country (with the exception of Tibesti). It focuses on geographical distribution, distribution factors and conservation issues in Chad. The methodology combined surveys (semi-structured questionnaires, direct observation grids, focus groups) with livestock farmers, traders, intermediaries, guarantors, local authorities and livestock agents. 

The results reveal that the MSPN is mainly concentrated in the Sahelian provinces of Chad, particularly Barh-El-Ghazel and Kanem, but absent in the Sudanese zones. Three zones have been identified: the presence zone, where the MSPN coexists with other breeds; the exploitation zone, where homogeneous herds are maintained; and the marketing zone, which includes markets dominated by the sale of this sheep. The main factors influencing distribution are climatic, zootechnical, economic and sociocultural. The study shows that MSPN management is based mainly on customary community mechanisms, with strong involvement of ferrick chiefs in selection and pasture management. However, the absence of institutional conservation mechanisms and the threat of uncontrolled crossbreeding increase the risk of genetic erosion. The recommendations focus on the creation of reference pastoral areas, the establishment of a national in situ conservation programme, and the economic development of the breed to ensure its sustainability and contribution to pastoral development.