Gender-based differences in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones: A retrospective observational study

Background: For gallbladder stones, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard of care. There is little information on how gender affects clinical presentation, surgical results, and complication rates, despite the treatment being regarded as safe and minimally invasive. The purpose of this study was to assess and contrast perioperative factors in patients undergoing LC who were male and female.

Methodology: 137 gallbladder stone patients who had LC at a tertiary care hospital were included in this retrospective observational analysis. Group A consisted of 40 male patients, while Group B included 97 female patients. Using proper statistical tests, baseline variables, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were documented and compared. P-values less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant.

Results: Between groups, the mean age and BMI were similar (p > 0.05). Hepatitis C positivity was more common in males (p = 0.001), although a considerably higher percentage of females had a history of prior abdominal operations (p = 0.01). Gallbladder morphology, conversion rates, blood loss, and operating time did not differ significantly. Most postoperative problems, including bleeding, wound infection, and bile leakage, did not differ substantially between the sexes. Male patients, however, experienced postoperative stomach distension considerably more frequently (p = 0.04).

Conclusion: The safety and effectiveness characteristics of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are comparable for both sexes. Operative planning may be influenced by gender-specific characteristics, such as viral status and previous surgical history, even though surgical outcomes and complication rates are generally identical. Additional prospective research is required to validate these results.