Gastrointestinal bleeding associated with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm revealing Takayasu's Arteritis

Background: Takayasu arteritis is a rare systemic vasculitis affecting large arteries, leading to stenosis or aneurysmal complications. While stenotic lesions are more common, aneurysms can result in life-threatening events such as rupture and aortoenteric fistulas.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 41-year-old woman admitted for massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Imaging revealed an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a duodenal fistula, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis. The patient underwent emergency aorto-aortic bypass grafting and duodenal fistula closure, followed by immunosuppressive therapy.

Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of Takayasu arteritis, particularly in its rare aneurysmal form. Early imaging and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes.