French colonialism and neocolonialism in Africa: A comprehensive analysis
1 Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chreso University, Lusaka, Zambia.
2 Department of Education and Social Sciences Kafwimbi Day Secondary School, Isoka, Zambia.
3 Faculty of Business & Management Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan.
4 Department of ECE and Primary Education Rockview University, Lusaka, Zambia.
5 Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education College of Education, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria.
4 School of Health Sciences, Rockview University, Lusaka, Zambia.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 23(03), 2062–2073
Publication history:
Received on 05 August 2024; revised on 16 September 2024; accepted on 19 September 2024
Abstract:
The study examined how French colonialism has shaped political, economic, and social structures across the continent, focusing on the exploitation of resources, suppression of indigenous governance, and cultural imposition. It further delves into neocolonialism, where former colonies, despite gaining independence, remain economically dependent and politically influenced by France through mechanisms such as economic aid, military interventions, and Francophone networks. The study was qualitative in nature and the research design was descriptive as well as analytical which aimed to describe and analyze the historical and contemporary impacts of French colonialism and neocolonialism. The study was conducted within four selected universities under social sciences departments specifically. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who understand the historical impact of French colonialism and how it continues to influence African nations under neocolonial structures. The study consisted 100 respondents; University Lecturers, Students and selected members from Civil Society Organizations. The data collection process involved documentary review, literature review and conducting individual interviews on the participants. The collected was analyzed using themes and content analysis from the objectives of the study. The findings revealed that French colonialism imposed direct rule, extracting natural resources and exploiting labor, while reshaping social and political structures to align with French interests. Additionally, even after the formal end of colonialism in the mid-20th century, neocolonialism emerged, with France maintaining influence through economic dependencies, political alliances, and military interventions. This neocolonial dynamic has continued to shape the trajectory of African nations, as they navigate sovereignty within a globalized economy still influenced by their colonial past. The study therefore recommended for African nations to prioritize economic self-sufficiency and diversify their trade relationships to reduce dependence on France.
Keywords:
Assimilation Policy; Colonial Exploitation; Decolonization; Economic Dependence; Military Interventions
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0