Factors Influencing Family Planning Method Choice among Women of Reproductive Age 18-45 Years in Gombe Metropolis, North Eastern Nigeria

Background: Family planning plays a crucial role in improving maternal and child health by preventing unintended pregnancies, reducing maternal mortality, and promoting economic well-being. Despite its benefits, the uptake of family planning remains low in many parts of Nigeria, particularly in Gombe Metropolis. Socio-cultural, religious, economic, and accessibility factors influence the choice of contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age [1, 2].

Methodology: This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design to assess the factors influencing family planning method choice among women aged 18-45 years in Gombe Metropolis, North East Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 246 respondents, covering socio-demographics, knowledge and awareness, cultural and religious beliefs, accessibility, and barriers to contraceptive use. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis [3].

Results: The study found that 43.09% of respondents had no formal education, and 53.25% reported that cultural norms promoted large families. Spousal disapproval (26.19%), cultural/religious beliefs (23.02%), and fear of side effects (18.25%) were major barriers to family planning use [4]. Additionally, 47.97% of respondents lived within 1–5 km of a healthcare facility, but 38.21% were unable to obtain their preferred contraceptive method due to limited availability [5]. The study also found that 59.35% of participants did not believe family planning conflicted with religious teachings, suggesting that religious opposition may not be as significant a barrier as often assumed [6].

Conclusion: Family planning choices in Gombe Metropolis are influenced by socio-demographic factors, cultural and religious beliefs, accessibility to services, and awareness levels. Efforts to improve contraceptive uptake should focus on community-based education, engaging religious and traditional leaders, and ensuring the availability of diverse contraceptive options in healthcare facilities. Addressing spousal disapproval and misconceptions about side effects will also be crucial in promoting family planning in the region.