Extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19: A comprehensive review
Faculty of Medicine, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 23(03), 562–569
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2720
Publication history:
Received on 27 July 2024; revised on 01 September 2024; accepted on 04 September 2024
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has predominantly been recognized for its respiratory impact. However, as the pandemic has progressed, it has become evident that SARS-CoV-2 affects multiple organ systems beyond the lungs, resulting in a wide array of extra-pulmonary manifestations. These manifestations encompass cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, dermatological, hematological, endocrine, musculoskeletal, ocular, immunological, and psychiatric complications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these extra-pulmonary manifestations, highlighting their clinical significance, underlying mechanisms, and implications for patient management. Recognizing these manifestations is critical for improving patient outcomes and informing ongoing research and therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
Chest; Bone; Muscle; COVID-19; Abdomen
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0