Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government Residential Polytechnic for Women’s, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 17(02), 964-970
Received on 09 February 2023; revised on 19 February 2023; accepted on 25 February 2023
The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has become the backbone of modern smart cities, enabling applications from intelligent traffic management to environmental monitoring. A critical challenge in these large-scale deployments is the constrained energy resources of sensor nodes, which are often battery-powered and deployed in hard-to-access locations. The routing protocol, which governs how data travels from source to destination, plays a pivotal role in determining the network's energy consumption and overall lifetime. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of energy-efficient routing protocols specifically designed for IoT-based smart city applications. We categorize these protocols into flat-based, hierarchical-based, and location-based routing schemes, examining their core mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Through a detailed comparative analysis based on key metrics such as energy consumption, scalability, latency, and network lifetime, we identify the most suitable protocols for various smart city scenarios. Furthermore, we present simulated performance results demonstrating the energy efficiency of hierarchical protocols like LEACH. The paper concludes by discussing future research directions, including the integration of machine learning and energy harvesting techniques to create more sustainable and resilient IoT networks for smart urban environments.
Internet of Things (IoT); Smart Cities; Energy Efficiency; Routing Protocols; Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); Network Lifetime
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Guruswamy TB. Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for IoT-Based Smart City Applications. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 17(2), 964-970. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.2.0242