The effect of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata) on the histopathological structure of testes exposed to heat stress in chickens

Heat stress is a major challenge in poultry production, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, as it negatively affects reproductive function in male chickens. This study investigates the protective effects of Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin seed) extract on testicular histopathology in heat-stressed chickens. A laboratory experimental design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, involving 27 one-year-old roosters subjected to chronic heat stress (37–38°C, 75–80% humidity, 8 hours/day for 21 days). Following heat stress exposure, chickens received different doses of pumpkin seed extract (0, 1600, 3200, and 6400 mg/kg BW) for 14 days. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant dose-dependent improvement in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, spermatids, and Leydig cell counts in treated groups compared to the untreated heat-stressed group (p < 0.05). Notably, the highest dose (6400 mg/kg BW) restored testicular cell populations to levels comparable to the non-stressed control. These findings suggest that pumpkin seed extract, rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients, mitigates heat-induced testicular damage and enhances spermatogenesis in roosters. This study highlights the potential of natural feed additives in improving poultry reproductive resilience against climate-induced stressors.