Effect of cadmium on the expression of insulin and glucagon in non-diabetic and diabetic male Wistar rats

Julien Assue N’GUESSAN 1, 2, Arsène Mousan ADON 1, Martin Kouassi KONAN 1, *, Joseph Allico DJAMAN 1, 2 and Mireille DOSSO 1

1 Cell Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Ivory Coast.
2 Biology and Health Laboratory, University of Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire.
 
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(01), 2683–2688
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.1.3280
 
Publication history: 
Received on 19 September 2024; revised on 25 October 2024; accepted on 27 October 2024
 
Abstract: 
The increasing incidence of diabetes may involve other causes, environmental pollutants. Among the pollutants potentially involved, several studies show a correlation between exposure to cadmium and the severity and incidence of diabetes, but this association remains controversial. Thus, in order to explore the effects of cadmium on pancreatic functions, 20 male Wistar pubescent non-diabetic and diabetic rats received cadmium sulfate orally for 30 consecutive days. After the exposure period, the rats were euthanized. The pancreas were isolated with a view to making histological sections. In non-diabetic rats, cadmium caused an increase in the secretion of glucagon and a decrease in the release of insulin. In contrast, in diabetic rats, cadmium induced an increase in the secretion of insulin and glucagon.
This study showed that cadmium increased glucagon secretion and caused necrosis and partial degeneration of ß cells in non-diabetic rats. On the other hand, in diabetic rats, cadmium induced an increase in insulin and glucagon secretion.
 
Keywords: 
Cadmium; Diabetes; Insulin; Glucagon; β-cells; α-cells
 
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