Department of Microbiology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 21(01), 2513–2520
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0310
Received on 16 December 2023; revised on 22 January 2024; accepted on 25 January 2024
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a global health issue, with different prevalence and virulence factors among diverse populations. There is not much information available regarding the prevalence of the genotypes of H. pylori isolates in Makurdi, Benue State. This study aimed to determine the distribution of vacA and cagA status of H. pylori among patients referred for endoscopy at Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi. A total of eighty (80) patients undergoing endoscopy were enrolled in the study. Gastric biopsy samples were collected and DNA was extracted for molecular analysis. H. pylori was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Subsequently, the vacA and cagA genotypes were identified through specific PCR assays. We found that H. pylori alleles of signal and mid regions of vacA detected in biopsies showed that s1 had the highest frequency of 24 (100%) followed by s1c 22 (92%) while the least were s2, s1+s2 and m1+m2 (frequency=1; 4%) each. s1a was not detected. The distribution of H. pylori genotypes detected in biopsies revealed that s1+m2 had the highest frequency of 22 (92%) followed by s1c+m2 19 (79%). The least were s2+m1, s1c+m1+m2 and s1c+s2+m2 1 (4%) each. Seven (29%) of the positive cases were cagA positive, 71% of the cagA positive were s1c+m2. The distribution of vacA s and m alleles and cagA status from H. pylori infected patients indicated that s2 and m1 all had the highest cagA positives (100%) each and m2 had the lowest cagA positives (22.7%). The distribution of vacA genotypes and cagA status from H. pylori infected patients showed that s1c+m1+m2 and s1+s2+m2 all had cagA (100%) each and s1c+m2 had the least (26.32%) frequency of cagA. This study reported for the first time the prevalence of H. pylori genotypes in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in Makurdi and contributes valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology of H. pylori in the Benue State, throwing more light on the prevalence and virulence factors that may influence disease. Further studies are needed to understand epidemiological importance of the genotypes of H. pylori isolates in this region and the association between the virulence genes and clinical outcomes.
Helicobacter pylori; Prevalence; Patient; Genotypes; PCR; cagA
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Mnena Eunice Yaji, Paulyn Tracy Aernan and Torkwase Janet Aondofa. Distribution of vacA and cagA status of Helicobacter pylori from endoscopy referral patients of Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 21(1), 2513-2520. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0310