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eISSN: 2581-9615 || CODEN: WJARAI || Impact Factor 8.2 ||  CrossRef DOI

Research and review articles are invited for publication in March 2026 (Volume 29, Issue 3) Submit manuscript

The development of RBL-STEM learning materials to improve students' metaliteracy in solving watermarking image problems using rainbow antimagic coloring

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  • The development of RBL-STEM learning materials to improve students' metaliteracy in solving watermarking image problems using rainbow antimagic coloring

Indi Izzah Makhfudloh 1, *, Dafik 2, 3 and Arika Indah Kristiana 1

1 Department of Postgraduate Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember,
Indonesia.
2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Jember, Indonesia.
3 Department of Postgraduate Mathematics Education, PUI-PT Combinatorics and Graphs, CGANT, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia.
 
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(03), 1866-1875
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3870
DOI url: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3870
 
Received on 08 November 2024; revised on 16 December 2024; accepted on 18 December 2024
 
The rapid development of information in this era emphasizes the importance of improving students' metaliteracy skills. One of the models and approaches that can be applied is Research Based Learning (RBL) integrated with Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). The purpose of this study is to identify RBL-STEM activities, explain the steps and results of creating RBL-STEM learning materials, and examine data on the results of creating learning resources to increase students' metaliteracy level. Research and development (R&D) was the methodology used. The products of this research are the results of the development of learning tools in the form of students’ assignment designs, students’ worksheets, and learning outcome tests. The learning tool development process yielded data that met a validity requirement of 95.5%. The trial involved 40 students’, and the use of the RBL-STEM learning resources was found to be effective with a 96.77% effectiveness criterion and practical with a 97.71% practicality criterion. In addition, students’ responded positively to the learning experience and were highly engaged. Students’ metaliteracy increased as they solved rainbow antimagic coloring problems, according to the pretest and posttest study. This study also identified three levels of metaliteracy proficiency: high, medium, and low. The research findings were validated using statistical analysis, phase image, N-Vivo, and word cloud, which also demonstrated an improvement in students’ metaliteracy skills. Thus, RBL-STEM has the potential to improve students' metaliteracy in real-world contexts, such as the application of watermarking image.
 
Metaliteracy; Research Based Learning; STEM; Rainbow Antimagic Coloring; Watermarking Image
 
https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/fulltext_pdf/WJARR-2024-3870.pdf

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Indi Izzah Makhfudloh, Dafik and Arika Indah Kristiana. The development of RBL-STEM learning materials to improve students' metaliteracy in solving watermarking image problems using rainbow antimagic coloring. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(3), 1866-1875. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3870

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