Determinants of preeclampsia events in housewives in the maternity wards of hospitals and health centers

Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, influenced by various clinical and social risk factors. Occupational status as a housewife is suspected to play a role in increasing vulnerability to preeclampsia through interactions with biomedical determinants and healthcare services. This study aims to analyze the determinants of preeclampsia in housewives based on a synthesis of ten national and international research articles with various study designs, including cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and systematic review. Research results indicate that biomedical factors such as chronic hypertension, obesity, and gestational diabetes have the highest association with the occurrence of preeclampsia. The risk increases significantly when these conditions occur in housewives. In addition, low adherence to antenatal care (ANC) nearly triples the risk, highlighting the importance of early detection during pregnancy. Socioeconomic factors and low education also increase the risk due to limited access to health services and low health literacy. Psychosocial factors such as stress and age over 35 also contribute to increased vascular vulnerability during pregnancy. Overall, the occurrence of preeclampsia in housewives is multifactorial and results from the interaction of biomedical, social, and healthcare determinants. Therefore, a comprehensive prevention approach is needed through strengthening screening in primary care, improving ANC adherence, family-based health education, and controlling metabolic risk factors from early pregnancy.