Home
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews
International Journal with High Impact Factor for fast publication of Research and Review articles

Main navigation

  • Home
    • Journal Information
    • Editorial Board Members
    • Reviewer Panel
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Journal Policies
    • Our CrossMark Policy
    • Publication Ethics
    • Issue in Progress
    • Current Issue
    • Past Issues
    • Instructions for Authors
    • Article processing fee
    • Track Manuscript Status
    • Get Publication Certificate
    • Join Editorial Board
    • Join Reviewer Panel
  • Contact us
  • Downloads

eISSN: 2582-8185 || CODEN: WJARAI || Impact Factor 8.2 ||  CrossRef DOI

Research and review articles are invited for publication in March 2026 (Volume 29, Issue 3) Submit manuscript

Demographics, risk factors, clinical manifestations, staging and liver function tests of hepatocellular Carcinoma: A literature review

Breadcrumb

  • Home
  • Demographics, risk factors, clinical manifestations, staging and liver function tests of hepatocellular Carcinoma: A literature review

Namira Amelia Septiarini 1, Puspa Wardhani 2, *, Ummi Maimunah 3 and Yulia Nadar Indrasari 2

1 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
2 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
 
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(03), 2087-2093
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3853
DOI url: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3853
 
Received on 08 November 2024; revised on 21 December 2024; accepted on 23 December 2024
 
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The incidence of HCC is higher in men than in women. HCC often occurs in individuals with chronic liver disease, especially those caused by hepatitis B and C virus infection, excessive alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). The pathogenesis of HCC involves multiple factors, including genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and disruption of cellular pathways that lead to uncontrolled cell growth. Clinical symptoms of HCC are often nonspecific and appear at an advanced stage, leading to delayed diagnosis. BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) staging is used to determine the stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and assist in treatment planning. Liver function tests, including measurements of SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin, Albumin, PT and AFP, help in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Therefore, early detection and more innovative therapeutic approaches are essential to improve the survival of HCC patients.
 
Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Liver cancer; Hepatitis; Cancer; BCLC
 
https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/fulltext_pdf/WJARR-2024-3853.pdf

Preview Article PDF

Namira Amelia Septiarini, Puspa Wardhani, Ummi Maimunah and Yulia Nadar Indrasari. Demographics, risk factors, clinical manifestations, staging and liver function tests of hepatocellular Carcinoma: A literature review. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(3), 2087-2093. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3853

Copyright © Author(s). All rights reserved. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated.

All statements, opinions, and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s). The journal, editors, reviewers, and publisher disclaim any responsibility or liability for the content, including accuracy, completeness, or any consequences arising from its use.

Get Certificates

Get Publication Certificate

Download LoA

Check Corssref DOI details

Issue details

Issue Cover Page

Editorial Board

Table of content

Copyright © 2026 International Journal of Science and Research Archive - All rights reserved

Developed & Designed by VS Infosolution