Designer Energy Ltd, 2 Bergman Str., Rehovot 7670504, Israel.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 23(03), 834-837
Received on 03 June 2024; revised on 04 September 2024; accepted on 06 September 2024
This research studies the forces acting in an electron pair with antiparallel spins participating in forming a covalent chemical bond between atoms. The first is the force of electrostatic repulsion of electrons. The second is the gravitational attraction of these electrons. The third is the force of electromagnetic attraction between the electron pair. From calculations it follows, that the force of gravitational attraction is negligible, and therefore it is not able to withstand the force of electrostatic repulsion between electrons. However, the force of electromagnetic attraction between a pair of electrons with antiparallel spins turned out to be hundreds of times greater than the force of their electrostatic repulsion. As a result, the formation of stable electron pairs in molecular orbitals becomes possible. Thus, valence electrons of neighboring atoms interact with each other like femto-electromagnets, as a result of which a stable bond is formed between these electrons. Calculations have shown that in hydrogen molecule the force of electrostatic attraction between nuclei and paired electrons of a molecular orbital significantly exceeds the force of electrostatic repulsion of nuclei, which ensures the formation of a strong covalent chemical bond. To form covalent bonds in other molecules, the force of electrostatic attraction between the nuclei and paired electrons of the molecular orbitals must be much greater than the forces of electrostatic repulsion between both the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged electrons of the atomic orbitals of different atoms.
Covalent bonds; Electrons; Pairing of electrons; Spin of electrons; Electrostatic force; Gravitation force; Electromagnetic force
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Michael Ioelovich. Concept of electrons pairing during the formation of covalent chemical bonds. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 23(3), 834-837. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2749