A comprehensive exploration of restriction enzymes and their applications in molecular biology: A review
1 Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India.
2 Advanced Level State Biotech Hub, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Guwahati, Assam, India.
3 Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India.
4 Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Assam, India.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 21(01), 2399–2404
Publication history:
Received on 13 December 2023; revised on 22 January 2024; accepted on 24 January 2024
Abstract:
Restriction enzymes, derived from bacteria, serve as indispensable tools in molecular biology, enabling precise manipulation of DNA with specificity. These enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences, cleaving the DNA strand at those designated sites. Two types, blunt-end cutters, and sticky-end producers, offer distinct advantages and disadvantages. In molecular biology, restriction enzymes find diverse applications, prominently in gene cloning, facilitating the insertion of foreign DNA into host organisms. Additionally, they play a vital role in DNA sequencing, DNA fingerprinting, and other techniques crucial for studying gene function and regulation. A groundbreaking development is witnessed in gene editing, where engineered enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences, allowing scientists to target and modify genes with unprecedented precision. This breakthrough holds the potential to revolutionize medicine, paving the way for treating genetic diseases and creating personalized therapies. Research efforts are focused on discovering new restriction enzymes with novel specificities, expanding the range of manipulable DNA sequences. This opens avenues for innovative applications in synthetic biology and biotechnology, further advancing the field. Despite their numerous applications, challenges persist, including the potential for off-target effects and the quest for enzymes with specific recognition sequences. Ongoing research and development continue to push the boundaries of what is achievable with restriction enzymes. In conclusion, restriction enzymes have significantly impacted molecular biology and biotechnology, facilitating the precise manipulation and study of genetic material. Ongoing research promises to unveil new applications and discoveries in this dynamic and promising field.
Keywords:
Restriction enzyme; RM system; Blunt end; Sticky end
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