Complex connective tissue convergence: A case report of scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's Syndrome overlap syndrome in an adolescent female
1 Resident Physician, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan.
2 Resident Physician, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
3 Training fellows, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, United Kingdom.
4 Medical Officer, Hayatabad Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan.
5 Resident Physician, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
6 Resident Urologist, Institute of kidney diseases, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Case Study
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 22(01), 027–031
Publication history:
Received on 22 February 2024; revised on 30 March 2024; accepted on 01 April 2024
Abstract:
This case report illustrates the uncommon occurrence of an overlap syndrome involving systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren's syndrome in a 16-year-old female patient. Despite their distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations, these connective tissue diseases converged in this patient, presenting a diagnostic challenge. The clinical presentation included features such as Raynaud's phenomenon, mouth and digit ulcers, alopecia, photosensitivity, and positive autoantibodies. Diagnostic workup revealed positive findings on antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) panel, confirming the presence of autoantibodies associated with all three conditions. The patient was managed with a combination of symptomatic treatment, hydroxychloroquine, and prednisolone. This case underscores the complexity of overlapping autoimmune diseases and emphasizes the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation, appropriate diagnostic testing, and timely initiation of management to optimize patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Overlap Syndrome; Connective Tissue Diseases; Scleroderma; systemic lupus erythematosus; Sjögren's syndrome; Complex connective tissue convergence
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