Characterization of transhumant camel herding systems in the wadi-Fira province of eastern Chad

The dromedary, Camelus dromedaria, is a symbol of human survival in arid regions. It is vital for herders and the Chadian population. The dromedary is used for multiple purposes. In addition to meat and milk production, it plays an important role in transporting goods and people, providing traction, and facilitating trade. The dromedary is highly valued in Chad; it symbolizes traditions and Muslim culture. For its owner, it represents the embodiment of social success. The objective of this study is to characterize dromedary herding in the Wadi-Fira province. Surveys were conducted over four months in the departments of Guéreda, Amzoer, Iriba, and Tiné, with 25 herders interviewed per department. Data analysis identified three breeds of dromedary camels (Arabian 54.90%, Tibesti 33.16%, and Manga 11.94%) raised in the Wadi-Fira province. The main causes of conflict cited by herders are: fields (26%), transhumance corridors (45%), water (18%), and pastures (11%). A dromedary herd consists on average of 1.68 ± 0.10 adult mâles, 33.59 ± 2.23 adult females, 5.10 ± 0.24 young males, and 6 ± 0.26 young females (minimum 7 head and maximum 108 head). Our surveys indicate that dromedary herding plays a significant role in the economic and social lives of herders in the Wadi-Fira province.