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eISSN: 2581-9615 || CODEN: WJARAI || Impact Factor 8.2 ||  CrossRef DOI

Research and review articles are invited for publication in March 2026 (Volume 29, Issue 3) Submit manuscript

Bone marrow suppression, a rare presentation of Sars-CoV-2 infection in a child living in a low-income country: A case report with literature review

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  • Bone marrow suppression, a rare presentation of Sars-CoV-2 infection in a child living in a low-income country: A case report with literature review

Udochikwuka Ikejiaku 1, *, Emeka Nwolisa 1, Chinedum Ehirim 2, Ogechi Ezerioha 1, Lilian Ezeuko 1 and Uzoma Onwukwe 1

1 Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Haematology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
 
Case Study
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(03), 2339-2345
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3936
DOI url: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3936
 
Received on 12 November 2024; revised on 22 December 2024; accepted on 25 December 2024
 
Background: COVID -19 is a clinical condition caused by the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It was a global pandemic which affected both adults and children during its outbreak in 2019. Bone marrow suppression is an uncommon but significant complication observed in paediatric patients which can worsen morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, given the fact that the marrow suppression may mimic other diseases such as leukaemia, a high index of suspicion is imperative for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Case Presentation: We describe the diagnostic evaluation and management of a 5-year-old female with bone marrow suppression as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. She presented with fever and paleness of the body. Initial examination showed severe pallor with tachycardia and tachypnoea. Investigations revealed pancytopenia with reticulocyte count at lower limit of normal. Peripheral blood film showed reduction of all three cell lines. Bone marrow aspiration showed a hypocellular marrow for the age of the child.  Immunoglobulin M (IgM) for COVID-19 was found to be positive. Patient’s clinical condition has markedly improved as haematologic parameters have returned to near normal and has not needed any transfusion for about 1 year.
The diagnosis of bone marrow suppression following SARS-CoV-2 infection requires a good history, physical examination, high index of suspicion and extensive investigations. Management entails recurrent transfusions, corticosteroids and supportive treatment.
 
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Bone marrow suppression; Immunoglobulin M; Case report
 
https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/fulltext_pdf/WJARR-2024-3936.pdf

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Udochikwuka Ikejiaku, Emeka Nwolisa, Chinedum Ehirim, Ogechi Ezerioha, Lilian Ezeuko and Uzoma Onwukwe. Bone marrow suppression, a rare presentation of Sars-CoV-2 infection in a child living in a low-income country: A case report with literature review. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(3), 2339-2345. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3936

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