Biological pathways and enzymatic mechanisms in phytochemical biosynthesis: A review
Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020, 06(02), 245-255
Publication history:
Received on 14 April 2020; revised on 22 May 2020; accepted on 24 May 2020
Abstract:
Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile secondary metabolites derived from plants, with significant ecological and therapeutic roles. Their chemical diversity arises from intricate biosynthetic pathways involving monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. This review explores the biosynthetic mechanisms underlying the formation of these compounds in Citrus sinensisleaves, focusing on the mevalonate and non-mevalonate pathways. Additionally, how enzymatic activity and post-harvest metabolic processes influence the qualitative and quantitative variations in essential oil constituents was discussed. Understanding these pathways provides insights into optimizing plant-based products for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural applications.
Keywords:
Essential oils; Biosynthesis; Citrus sinensis; Monoterpenoids; Enzymatic activity; Plant-based products
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Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0