Biochemical and histopathological effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract on the kidney function in male Wistar rats

Moringa oleifera, a plant known for its nutritional and medicinal properties, has gained popularity in traditional and modern medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histological and biochemical components of the kidney in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), hypothesizing that the extract may induce organ toxicity. Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups, receiving varying doses of the extract (1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/kg) for three weeks. Biochemical parameters, including urea and creatinine, were assessed, alongside histological examinations of kidney tissues. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results indicated no significant differences in biochemical parameters across all groups compared to controls (p > 0.05), suggesting that Moringa oleifera leaf extract does not adversely affect kidney function. Histological evaluations revealed normal architecture in all groups, with no visible lesions or damage, supporting the biochemical findings and the percentage yield of the extract was determined to be 11.7%. However, the observed hyperplasia in the renal corpuscle at the 22nd day indicates a regenerative response, which may reflect the extract's potential to promote cellular repair and regeneration. The results suggest that Moringa oleifera may be a valuable addition to dietary and therapeutic regimens, particularly in regions where it is traditionally used for its health benefits. Future studies should explore the mechanisms underlying the regenerative effects observed and further investigate the extract's potential therapeutic applications in human health.