Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (AIT)

Thiago Luiz Bandeira 1, Isabela Mansur Bandeira 1, Juliana CM Vasconcellos 1, Ana Maria E. Dias dos Santos 1, Nilse Andréia Marcos Manuel 1, Paula Pessanha Silva Mitre 1, Camila Marques Rebello 1, Bruno de Brito Braga 1, Aderbal Sabrá-Filho 2, Selma Sabrá 3, Aderbal Sabrá 4 and Luiz Werber-Bandeira 1, 5, *

1 Clinical and Experimental Immunology and Allergy Service, Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro/Imunoderm Clinic, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
2 University of the Grand Rio, School of Medicine, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
3 Pediatric Endoscopy Service, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
4 Food Allergy and Autism Unit of the Clinical Immunology Service, Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
5 Estácio de Sa University / IDOMED. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
 
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 20(01), 734-750
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.1.2043
 
Publication history: 
Received on 27 August 2023; revised on 14 October 2023; accepted on 16 October 2023
 
Abstract: 
Allergic/atopic patients do not develop immune tolerance to certain substances in the environment which are harmless to non-allergic individuals. These patients are hypersensitive to these substances-allergens. Specific Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT), also known as Allergy Shots or Desensitization, is a therapeutic approach used to treat allergic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and insect sting allergies. The primary goal of AIT is to reduce the allergic response to specific allergens by gradually exposing the patient to increasing doses of the allergen over time. This exposure helps the immune system build tolerance to the allergen, leading to a decrease in allergic symptoms and a long-term improvement in clinical outcomes. Research has confirmed the long-term clinical efficacy of AIT, and its ability to induce antigen-specific tolerance. In this review, we aim to discuss the immunological mechanisms involved in different types of AITs, their efficacy and safety.
 
Keywords: 
Allergen Immunotherapy; Allergy; Immune tolerance; Immune system; Allergic rhinitis 
 
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Copyright © 2023 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0

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