Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following viral infections: Investigating triggers, immune response and management
1 Resident physician Department of Neurology, Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Yunnan, China.
2 Resident physician, Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical complex, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3 House officer, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
4 Resident physician, Internal medicine department, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
5 Resident Anaesthetist, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
6,7House officer, Hayatabad Medical complex, Peshawar, Pakistan.
8 Final year Medical Student MBBS, Spinghar Medical University, kabul, Afghanistan.
9 Chief Physician, Department of Neurology, Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Yunnan, China.
10 Assistant Director, Department of Neurology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Yunnan, China.
11 Resident physician, Internal Medicine, Mufti mehmood memorial teaching hospital, Dera Ismail khan, Pakistan.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(02), 2085–2091
Publication history:
Received on 04 October 2024; revised on 16 November 2024; accepted on 19 November 2024
Abstract:
ADEM is diagnosed as an acute disseminated demyelinating disease of the CNS. It is normally initiated by viral infections. The objective of the current research was to elucidate the etiology, immunologic characteristics and management of ADEM in 430 subjects in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Of the viral causes the most commonly identified were influenza, 25%; measles, 20%; and varicella, 18%. Perhaps this may show how distribution of the infective agents common in this region may explain the occurrence of ADEM. They have similarly given out high cytokine concentration particularly IL-6 and TNF-α and similar to past findings they might not only be biomarkers of disease severity but may also be a site of immunomodulation.
As for the reaction to the treatment the favorable responses are 80% of the times on corticosteroids and the IVIG and plasmapheresis are great for severe cases or if the prior one failed. Datalocalized at six months follow-up, the majority of the patients had positively improved in seventy percent with the other ten percent patients’ symptoms nearly dropped down. Therefore, the present research suggests that diagnosis of ADEM should be done early and patients ought to be put on working on formulation of tailor made treatment plans that might improve prognosis of ADEM. Findings regarding genetic profile identifying high risk patients who must be prescribed special medicine are still lacking. Therefore, this study will therefore complement information on Immune defenses and therapeutic approaches in ADEM in a region of the world where viral diseases are common.
Keywords:
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM); Viral infections; Immune response; Hayatabad Medical Complex; Neuroinflammation
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