23-year-old male patient with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis of the left auricular pavilion: Case report

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by parasitism of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system by flagellated protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmitted to humans by Diptera insects belonging to the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World. Clinically, it presents in humans in three main forms: visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous. These conditions are globally distributed. Old World species are predominantly limited to the skin in the vast majority of cases and remit spontaneously within a few weeks to a few months. In contrast, in the New World, due to multiple Leishmania complexes, there is a higher risk of developing secondary mucosal involvement.

We report the case of a 4-year-old male patient with no significant past medical history, who presented with ulcerative lesions located on the left lateral region of the neck and on the arm of the left upper limb, with characteristics compatible with cutaneous leishmaniasis.