Systemic toxicity of metal ions release from specific types of implanted medical devices: Systemic review of clinical studies
1 Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland.
2 Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021, 12(02), 401–415
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.2.0598
Publication history:
Received on 08 October 2021; revised on 15 November 2021; accepted on 17 November 2021
Abstract:
There is public concern over the long term systemic health effects of metal released from implanted medical devices that use metal alloys. Systemic toxic side effects have been associated with excessive metal ion release from implants into human biological specimen's circulation, in which cobalt and chromium plays an important role. Cobalt intoxication has become more frequent due to the wide use of metallic medical implants. Despite the technological improvements in replacement metallic medical implants, wear and corrosion products associated with the metal compounds of these implants may result in systemic reactions and toxicities. The current review encompasses a literature of the systemic toxicity studies concerning the effect of metallic wear debris released from wear and corrosion of specific types of implanted medical devices, resulting in a postoperative increase in metal ion levels in bodily fluids and at different organ sites. Release of metallic debris is mainly in the form of particles and ions of different valences, and oxides composed of cobalt and chromium. Toxicological, clinically significant, data regarding "potential hazards" of circulating metals after systemic chronic exposure to the metal ions from metals have been included. This review further highlights some of the clinical features of cobalt toxicity.
Keywords:
Systemic toxicity; Systemic health effects; Cobalt toxicity; Metallic medical implants; Metal ion release; Biological fluids
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